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Procedure of IV selection!

 IV DRUG THERAPY- SELECTION OF EQUIPMENTS AND INSERTION OF CATHETER

Equipment:

  1. Canula selection:

Select cannula based on purpose and duration of use and age of patient.

Consider risk of infection and extravasation.

Cannula made from polyurethanes are associated with decreased risk of phlebitis.

Steel needles have higher risk of extravasation and should be avoided where tissue necrosis is likely if extravasation occurs.

      2. Skin Prep:

Antiseptic solution, use an aqueous based alternative if there is a known allergy to alcohol.

      3. Other Equipment:

Intravenous solution as ordered, torniquet, giving set, IV stand/pole, infusion pump, transparent occlusive dressing, tape or similar to secure cannula, gloves, paper bag.

      4. Additional Equipment which may be required:

Syring (5mL), sterile sodium chloride 0.9%, local anesthetics (in children), 3-way tap or triflow, short extension tube.



Selection Of the Catheter Site:

  1. Generally speaking, the vein section with the straightest appearance should be selected.
  2. A vein that has a firm, round appearance or feel when palpated should be chosen and areas where the vein crosses over joints should be avoided.
  3. In adults, use long straight veins in an upper extremity away from the joints for catheter insertion-in preference to sites on the lower extremities.
  4. If possible, avoid veins in the dominant hand and use distal veins first.
  5. Do not insert cannula on the site of mastectomy or AV shunts.
  6. In pediatric, it is recommended that the cannula be inserted into scalp, hand, or foot site in preference to a leg, arm, or ante cubital fossa site.


Procedure:

1. Explain procedure to patient/parent.

2. Wash hands with antiseptic soap, put on gloves,

3. Apply the torniquet above insertion,

4. Disinfect the selected site with skin prep and allow to dry, do not touch the skin with the fingers after preparation solution has been applied.

5. Inspect the cannula before insertion to ensure that the needle is fully inserted into the plastic cannula and that the cannula tip is not damaged,

6. Ensure the level of the cannula is facing upwards.



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