Medical Concepts

MEDICAL EMERGENCY- POISONING Management of the poisoned patient involves procedures designed to prevent the absorption, minimize the toxicity, and hasten the elimination to the suspected toxin. The prompt employment of appropriate emergency management procedures often can prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality. A Regional Poison Center is a practitioner's best source of definitive treatment information and should be consulted in all poisonings, regardless of the apparent simplicity of the case. In all cases, every attempt should be made to accurately identify the toxin, estimate the quantity involved, and determine the time that has passed since the exposure. These data, plus patient-specific parameters such as age, weight, sex, and underlying medical condition or drug-use will assist the person and the Regional Poison Center in designing an appropriate therapeutic plan for the patient. POISONING BY TOPICAL EXPOSURES: Immediately irrigate affected areas with a copious amount

  COMPLICATIONS OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Bleeding peptic ulcer Pyloric stenosis Zollinger-Ellison Disease Stress Ulcers Bleeding peptic ulcer: Peptic ulcer is the most common cause of non-variceal upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Most patients with bleeding peptic ulcer are clinically stable and stop bleeding without any intervention, whereas other outcomes include re-bleeding and mortality. Endoscopy allows identification of the severity of disease. Endoscopic hemostatic therapy which is successful in reducing mortality. A number of pharmacological agents have been used for endoscopic injection therapy such as 1:10000 adrenaline (epinephrine), human thrombin and fibrin glue. Mechanical endoscopic treatment options include Thermocoagulation using a heater probe or endoscopic clipping. Combination therapies are superior to monotherapy and a combination of adrenaline 1:10000 with either thermal or mechanical treatment is recommended (SIGN,2008). Pyloric Stenosis: Malignancy is the most c

  CHRONIC ABSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) Definition: COPD is defined as "a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and this airflow limitation is progressive associated with abnormal inflammatory response to the noxious or gaseous particles. According to Davidson , COPD is defined as " COPD is preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive and is associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs to the noxious particles. According to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) , COPD is defined as "Airflow obstruction with reduced FEV1/FEVc is less than 0.7, if FEV1 is greater than or equal to80%; so, diagnosis of COPD should be made on the presence of symptoms". Signs and Symptoms: Shortness of breathing Cough Pink puffers and Blue Blotters or Smokers Cough (classical signs of COPD). *Pink puffer is the major sign of emphyse