PEPTIC ULCER Definition: "The term Peptic Ulcer describes a condition in which there is a discontinuity in the entire thickness of the gastric or duodenal mucosa, that persists as a result of acid and pepsin in the gastric juice." Esophageal ulceration due to acid reflux, is generally classified under GERD. Peptic ulcer disease often presents to clinicians as dyspepsia. However, not all patients with dyspepsia have peptic ulcer disease. " Dyspepsia " is defined as persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen. The most common causes of dyspepsia include: non-ulcer or functional dyspepsia GERD Peptic ulcer Epidemiology: The incidence of duodenal ulcer is now declining, which follows the decline H.Pylori infection. However, hospital admission rates for gastro-intestinal bleeding associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers are rising. This is probably a consequence of increased prescription for low-dose aspirin, NSAIDs, Antiplatelets, anti