Medical Concepts

SUPPURATIVE PNEUMONIA (ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA) AND PNEUMONIA IN IMMUNOCOMPROMOISED PATIENTS  SUPPURATIVE PNEUMONIA Definition: "Suppurative pneumonia is characterized by destruction of the lung parenchyma by inflammatory process and although microabscessation formation is characteristic histological feature, pulmonary abscess" is usually taken to refer lesion which is a large, localized collection of pus or a cavity lined by chronic inflammatory tissue from which pus has escaped by rupture into bronchus". Etiology: Inhalation of septic material during operations on the nose, mouth, throat under general anesthesia Bulbar Vocal cord palsy Esophageal reflux Alcoholism Infecting Organism: Bacterioder melaninogenicus Anaerobic/microaerophilic cocci B. fragilis S. aureus (most common) K.pneumoniae S.pneumonia. *Leimerres Syndrome is a rare cause of pulmonary abscesses. Usually, causative agent is F.secrophorum . Illness signs include sore throat, painful swollen neck, fever, ri

 PNEUMONIA Definition: "Pneumonia is an infection of pulmonary parenchyma". (Harrison)                                                    OR "Pneumonia is defined as an acute respiratory illness associated with recently developed radiological pulmonary shadowing which may be segmental, lobar or multilobar". (Davidson) Etiology: Microorganisms gain excess to the lower respiratory tract in several ways: Aspiration from the oropharynx (most common). Inhalation of contaminated droplets. Hematogenous spread. Contiguous extension. Pathophysiology of Pneumonia: Pneumonia results from proliferation of microbial pathogens at the alveolar level and the hosts response to these microorganisms.  Defensive Mechanisms against Pneumonia: The defensive mechanism against pneumonia involve: Branching architecture of tracheobronchial tree. Muco-ciliary clearance. Local antibacterial factors. Gag Reflex. Cough mechanism. Normal flora adhering to mucosal cells of oropharynx. Alveolar mac