PORTAL HYPERTENSION Definition: "Portal Hyperension is present when the hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeds 10mmHg and risk of variceal bleeding increases beyond a gradient of 12mmHg." Classification: According to The Site of Action: 1. Pre-Hepatic, Pre-Sinusoidal: Caused by; Portal vein thrombosis due to sepsis Abdominal trauma including surgery. 2. Intra-hepatic pre-sinusoidal: Caused by; Schistosomiasis Congenital hepatic fibrosis Drugs Sarcoidosis 3. Sinusoidal: Caused by; Cirrhosis Polycystic liver disease Nodular regenerative hyperplasia Metastatic malignant disease 4. Intrahepatic Post-sinusoidal: Caused by; Veno-occlusive disease 5. Post-hepatic post-sinusoidal: Caused by; Budd-Chiari syndrome Etiology: Cirrhosis Schistosomiasis Portal vein thrombosis Drugs Fibrosis Clinical Features: Variceal bleeding Congestive gastropathy Renal failure Iron deficien