Skip to main content

Drug-Induced Oculotoxicity!

 DRUG-INDUCED OCULOTOXICITY

  • Occasionally, non-specific blurred vision occurs with almost all the drugs.
  • The drugs listed below are associated with a specific pattern of drug-induced oculotoxicity when administered systemically:


1. Allopurinol:

Despite the discovery of Allopurinol in cataractous lenses taken from patients on long term (>2 years) therapy, there is no clinical evidence for an increased risk of cataracts in allopurinol-treated patients.

2. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents:

  • A reduction in tear production occurs, which can produce a hot, dry, gritty sensation in the eyes.
  • This is rapidly reversible with drug discontinuation.

3. Contraceptives, (Oral):

  • A variety of retinal vascular disorders have been occurred due to oral contraceptives, but the association remains unproved.
  • Some oral contraceptives users cannot tolerate contact lenses, possibly because of ocular edema or dryness. However, a prospective study failed to show any difference in lens tolerance between oral contraceptive users and non-users.

4. Sympathomimetic Agents:

  • These drugs can dilate the pupil and precipitate narrow-angle glaucoma.
  • Sympathomimetics with marked alpha-adrenergic activity Epinephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, should be avoided.
  • Large doses taken orally, or the drugs applied topically are at higher risk.

5. Gold Salts:

  • Parenteral gold can produce microscopic crystalline deposits in the cornea, most commonly in superficial layers.
  • These deposits are dose-related and rarely occur until the dosage of parenteral gold exceeds 1g.
  • The deposits slowly resolve after drug discontinuation, do not affect vision.
  • Auranofin does not produce these ocular effects.


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Procedure of IV selection!

 IV DRUG THERAPY- SELECTION OF EQUIPMENTS AND INSERTION OF CATHETER Equipment: Canula selection: Select cannula based on purpose and duration of use and age of patient. Consider risk of infection and extravasation. Cannula made from polyurethanes are associated with decreased risk of phlebitis. Steel needles have higher risk of extravasation and should be avoided where tissue necrosis is likely if extravasation occurs.       2. Skin Prep: Antiseptic solution, use an aqueous based alternative if there is a known allergy to alcohol.       3. Other Equipment: Intravenous solution as ordered, torniquet, giving set, IV stand/pole, infusion pump, transparent occlusive dressing, tape or similar to secure cannula, gloves, paper bag.       4. Additional Equipment which may be required: Syring (5mL), sterile sodium chloride 0.9%, local anesthetics (in children), 3-way tap or triflow, short extension tube. Selection Of the Catheter Site: Generally ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Anatomy and the Complications Associated with Liver Diseases!

  LIVER AND THE COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRESSION OF DISEASE! Liver: The liver weighs up to 1.5kg in adults and is the 2nd largest organ in the body. Hepatocytes are the functioning unit of liver. Impairment of liver may lead to: Acute liver diseases Chronic liver diseases Liver cirrhosis Acute Liver Disease (ALD): ALD is a self-limiting episode of hepatocyte damage which in most cases spontaneously without clinical sequelae, but acute liver failure (ALF) may develop. This is a rare condition in which there is a rapid deterioration in liver function with associated encephalopathy and coagulopathy. ALF carries significant morbidity and mortality and may require emergency liver transplant. Chronic Liver Disease (CLD): CLD occurs when the longstanding cell damage causes permanent structural changes within the liver, with the loss of normal liver structure and functions. In many cases, this may lead to cirrhosis where fibrosis sears divide the liver cells into areas of rege...
Post a Comment
Read more

Diabetes Mellitus: Types!

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS 1. TYPE1 DM Type 1 DM is usually diagnosed before age 30 years, but it can develop at any age. T1DM is an autoimmune disease in which insulin producing B-cells are destroyed. The presence of Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLAs ) is associated with the development of T1DM. In addition, these individuals often develop Islet cell antibodies , Insulin Autoantibodies or Glutamic Acid decarboxylase autoantibodies . At the time of development of diagnosis of T1DM, it is usually believed that most of the patients have 80-90%loss of beta cells. The remaining beta cells function at the diagnosis creates a " HONEYMOON PERIOD" during which the blood glucose levels are easier to control, and smaller amounts of insulin are required. after this, the remaining beta cells function is completely lost, and the patients become completely deficient of insulin and hence require exogenous insulin.  2. TYPE1.5 DM:  Also referred as Latent autoimmune diabetes in Adults (LAD) ...
Post a Comment
Read more