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Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology and Epidemiology!

 DIABETES MELLITIS



Definition:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) describes a group pf chronic metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that may result in long-term microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. these complications contribute to diabetes being the leading cause of:
a) new cases of blindness among adults
b) end stage renal diseases
c)non-traumatic lower limb amputations


Etiology:

The increasing prevalence is caused by three influences:

1. ethnicity        2. Lifestyle       3. Age


Types:

a) Type 1 DM

b) Type 2 DM

c) Type 1.5DM

d) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)


** In type 1 DM; the body fails to make insulin. In type 2 DM; body either develops resistance to insulin or not enough insulin is produced to lower the Blood glucose levels**


Epidemiology

  • The worldwide prevalence of DM has risen over past two decades with an estimation of 30 million cases in 1985 to 177 million cases in 2000.
  • Based on current trends, >30million individuals will have diabetes by 2030.
  • Pakistan is among the top countries to report the most cases of diabetes.

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